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Are you suffering from male infertility? In modern healthcare, infertility of men is a growing concern. Infertility issues arise in 1 out of every 6 couples who try to have a baby. In almost 50% of such cases, the problem occurs with the male partner. Male infertility can arise due to various issues, ranging from complex medical conditions to poor lifestyle choices. Take a look at some of the common causes of male infertility and the possible treatment options available to manage or cure them effectively.
This is one of the commonest causes of infertility in men. In this condition, men have enlarged veins within their scrotum. Due to this reason, there is a drop in sperm production and quality. It so happens that temperature-regulation within the testicles is affected.
While varicoceles are often asymptomatic, these can be detected through ultrasound or via physical examination. With the help of surgical methods like varicocelectomy, or embolization and other minimally invasive techniques, male fertility can be restored. Sperm function and quality can also be improved.
Sperm function and health can also be significantly affected due to infections. Sperm-producing tissues may also be damaged directly because of some types of infections.
It is important to use anti-inflammatory medications or antibiotics to treat these infections in the early stages. Doing this can sometimes help to restore fertility. However, in cases of obstruction or scarring, surgical interventions may be needed.
Problems involving sperm production, such as abnormal morphology, poor motility or low sperm count, can arise due to various medical conditions. Previous surgeries in the reproductive organs, diabetes and other chronic ailments and genetic abnormalities – all of these may contribute to such issues.
The possible treatment options for these issues depend on the underlying cause and may include in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI) or other assisted reproductive techniques, surgical corrections, or hormonal therapies.
Some men also suffer from ejaculation issues, such as retrograde ejaculation, in which semen does not exit through the penis but enters the bladder. It can be another cause of infertility in men. This problem happens due to the use of certain medications, spinal injuries or diabetes.
In many cases, surgical procedures or medications can be used for fixing the problem. When it is impossible to restore natural ejaculation, sperm retrieval techniques may be used along with assisted reproduction techniques, for correcting the problem.
Sometimes, the immune system of men mistakenly ends up identifying sperm as foreign objects and produce antibodies immediately, to attack them. These antibodies acting against the sperm can reduce sperm motility or prevent them from getting egg fertilized. This is a rare condition but can be diagnosed through particular tests.
Generally, corticosteroids are the choice of treatment for suppressing the immune response. ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) or other assisted reproductive technologies may also be used for bypassing the impact of the antibodies.
Male fertility can also be affected due to cancer and nonmalignant tumors that negatively impact the hormonal glands or reproductive organs. The development of tumors can have a direct impact on the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland or the testes – which play important roles in regulating hormonal balance and sperm production in the body.
Treatment generally involves reducing or removing the tumor through chemotherapy, radiation or surgery. Sperm banking and other fertility preservation strategies are recommended, before starting with cancer treatment.
During fetal development, the testicles generally descend into the scrotum from the abdomen. However, some men find one or both of their testicles failing to descend. This abnormal condition is referred to as Cryptorchidism. It can affect the production of sperms due to increased internal body temperature in patients.
If patients go for surgery during early childhood, it can help to preserve their fertility. In some cases, however, the damage is irreversible. Assisted reproductive techniques may be recommended in case of compromised male fertility.
The delicate endocrine system regulating sperm production can be disrupted due to hormonal imbalances. Pituitary gland or thyroid gland issues, or conditions like hypogonadism, can result in male infertility. Such problems can be identified through hormonal testing. Medications stimulating natural hormone production or hormone replacement therapy are often the choice of treatment in such cases.
Congenital absence or blockages of various ducts and tubules, which transport sperm to the urethra from the testicles, can also prevent proper sperm ejaculation and lead to male infertility. Sperm retrieval techniques and micro-surgical procedures for blockage removal are the treatment options in such cases.
High stress levels can disrupt sexual functions by affecting hormonal production. Lack of exercise, obesity, drug use, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking etc., can also affect sperm health significantly. Lifestyle changes, stress reduction techniques and balanced diet can help improve fertility outcomes over time.
Male infertility can arise due to various conditions and contributing factors. It is important to seek consultation with a fertility specialist on time, for successful treatment and to ensure fertility restoration.
June 13, 2025
